The inclusion of the writing in this text works to add a realistic aspect to the novel. Dracula is presented as a true story. From journal entries and letters to typewritten transcriptions of phonographic recordings, Stoker is creating a multi-layered narrative. The inclusion of the typewriter and the phonograph also indicate an inclusion of technological innovation in Dracula. Each of the following pages includes a quotation, analysis and a gallery of images associated with the items being discussed. 

 

Though the epistolary storytelling lends to the reality of the novel, Stoker also provides plausible deniability for the attempt to view this as a real text. At the end of the novel, Jonathan writes, "We were struck with the fact, that in all the mass of material of which the record is composed, there is hardly one authentic document; nothing but a mass of typewriting, except the later note-books of Mina and Seward and myself, and Van Helsing’s memorandum. We could hardly ask any one, even did we wish to, to accept these as proofs of so wild a story. "

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By using the writings of his characters as a narrative device, Stoker offers the facade of viewing Dracula as a realistic text, thus making the supernatural more tangible. This practice can be traced through Gothic literature including the editors note in Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner and the preface in The Castle of Otranto.